Optical fibers, made from glass or plastic, serve as efficient tools for transmitting light using the principle of total internal reflection. Encased in a flexible plastic sheath, these fibers can bend without breaking, offering a robust solution for information transmission. This article explores the working principles, types, and applications of optical fibers, shedding light on their significant role in modern communication. Working Principle Optical fibers operate on the principle of total internal reflection, ensuring minimal signal loss during transmission. At one end, a light-emitting device, such as a light-emitting diode or laser, sends light pulses into the fiber, while a…